European Countries and Regions
Europe is one of the world’s seven continents, encompassing a vast peninsula situated to the west of Asia and north of Africa. It is bordered by the Arctic Ocean to the north, the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas to the south. Europe is rich in geographic and cultural diversity, featuring extensive coastlines, numerous islands, and various mountain ranges. The continent is home to 46 countries, each with its unique history, culture, and political structures. Europe plays a pivotal role in global affairs, as well as in the fields of science, economics, and culture.
| Country | Capital | Population |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | Tirana | 2,877,797 |
| Andorra | Andorra la Vella | 77,265 |
| Austria | Vienna | 9,006,398 |
| Belarus | Minsk | 9,449,323 |
| Belgium | Brussels | 11,589,623 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Sarajevo | 3,280,819 |
| Bulgaria | Sofia | 6,948,445 |
| Croatia | Zagreb | 4,058,165 |
| Cyprus | Nicosia | 1,207,359 |
| Czech Republic | Prague | 10,708,981 |
| Denmark | Copenhagen | 5,792,202 |
| Estonia | Tallinn | 1,326,535 |
| Finland | Helsinki | 5,540,720 |
| France | Paris | 65,273,511 |
| Germany | Berlin | 83,783,942 |
| Greece | Athens | 10,423,054 |
| Hungary | Budapest | 9,660,351 |
| Iceland | Reykjavik | 341,243 |
| Ireland | Dublin | 4,937,786 |
| Italy | Rome | 60,461,826 |
| Kosovo | Pristina | 1,810,463 |
| Latvia | Riga | 1,886,198 |
| Liechtenstein | Vaduz | 38,128 |
| Lithuania | Vilnius | 2,722,289 |
| Luxembourg | Luxembourg City | 625,978 |
| Malta | Valletta | 441,543 |
| Moldova | Chisinau | 4,033,963 |
| Monaco | Monaco | 39,242 |
| Montenegro | Podgorica | 628,066 |
| Netherlands | Amsterdam | 17,134,872 |
| North Macedonia | Skopje | 2,083,374 |
| Norway | Oslo | 5,421,241 |
| Poland | Warsaw | 37,846,611 |
| Portugal | Lisbon | 10,196,709 |
| Romania | Bucharest | 19,237,691 |
| Russia | Moscow | 145,934,462 |
| San Marino | San Marino | 33,931 |
| Serbia | Belgrade | 8,737,371 |
| Slovakia | Bratislava | 5,459,642 |
| Slovenia | Ljubljana | 2,078,654 |
| Spain | Madrid | 47,431,256 |
| Sweden | Stockholm | 10,379,295 |
| Switzerland | Bern | 8,654,622 |
| Ukraine | Kyiv | 41,902,416 |
| United Kingdom | London | 67,886,004 |
| Vatican City | Vatican City | 801 |
Albania
Country Overview
Albania is situated in Southeast Europe on the Balkan Peninsula, bordered by Montenegro, Kosovo, North Macedonia, and Greece. It has a population of about 2.8 million people. The capital and largest city is Tirana, which serves as the heart of the country’s economic and governmental activity. Major landmarks include the historic Gjirokastër and Berat, both UNESCO World Heritage sites, known for their well-preserved Ottoman architecture.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Albania
- Largest City: Tirana
- Religion: Primarily Islam, with Christian minorities
- Currency: Albanian Lek (ALL)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +355
- ISO Country Codes: ALB
Andorra
Country Overview
Andorra, a tiny principality nestled between France and Spain in the Pyrenees mountains, has a population of approximately 77,000. The capital is Andorra la Vella, known for its status as the highest capital city in Europe, at an elevation of 1,023 meters. Notable landmarks include the Casa de la Vall, the former seat of the Andorran parliament, and the Santa Coloma Church, featuring a pre-Romanesque circular bell tower.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Principality of Andorra
- Largest City: Andorra la Vella
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +376
- ISO Country Codes: AND
Armenia
Country Overview
Armenia is located in the South Caucasus region, bordered by Turkey, Georgia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. It has a population of about 3 million. The capital, Yerevan, is also the largest city and a major cultural center, home to the Matenadaran repository of ancient manuscripts. Major landmarks include the ancient Temple of Garni and the medieval Geghard Monastery.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Armenia
- Largest City: Yerevan
- Religion: Armenian Apostolic Church
- Currency: Armenian Dram (AMD)
- Time Zone: Armenia Time (AMT), UTC +4
- Country Calling Code: +374
- ISO Country Codes: ARM
Austria
Country Overview
Austria is located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. With a population of approximately 8.9 million, its capital, Vienna, is known for its cultural contributions, especially in music and arts. Notable landmarks include the historic Schönbrunn Palace, Hofburg Palace, and the Belvedere Palace.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Austria
- Largest City: Vienna
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +43
- ISO Country Codes: AUT
Azerbaijan
Country Overview
Azerbaijan is located at the crossroads of Eastern Europe and Western Asia, bordered by Russia, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. It has a population of around 10 million. The capital and largest city, Baku, stands on the Caspian Sea’s shores. Key landmarks include the medieval walled Inner City of Baku, the Palace of the Shirvanshahs, and the modern Flame Towers.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Azerbaijan
- Largest City: Baku
- Religion: Predominantly Islam
- Currency: Azerbaijani Manat (AZN)
- Time Zone: Azerbaijan Standard Time (AZT), UTC +4
- Country Calling Code: +994
- ISO Country Codes: AZE
Belarus
Country Overview
Belarus is located in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia. It has a population of about 9.5 million. The capital and largest city, Minsk, is a significant cultural center with landmarks such as the National Library of Belarus and the Great Patriotic War Museum.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Belarus
- Largest City: Minsk
- Religion: Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- Currency: Belarusian Ruble (BYN)
- Time Zone: Further-Eastern European Time (FET), UTC +3
- Country Calling Code: +375
- ISO Country Codes: BLR
Belgium
Country Overview
Located in Western Europe, Belgium is bordered by France, Germany, Luxembourg, and the Netherlands. It has a population of about 11.5 million. Brussels, the capital and largest city, hosts major EU institutions. Notable landmarks include the Grand Place, Atomium, and Manneken Pis statue.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Kingdom of Belgium
- Largest City: Brussels
- Religion: Roman Catholic, with significant Protestant and Muslim communities
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +32
- ISO Country Codes: BEL
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Country Overview
Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Southeastern Europe, bordered by Croatia, Serbia, and Montenegro. It has a population of about 3.5 million. The capital, Sarajevo, is known for its historical and cultural significance. Major landmarks include Stari Most (Old Bridge) in Mostar and the Sarajevo Tunnel Museum.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Bosnia and Herzegovina
- Largest City: Sarajevo
- Religion: Primarily Islam, Eastern Orthodoxy, and Roman Catholicism
- Currency: Convertible Mark (BAM)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +387
- ISO Country Codes: BIH
Bulgaria
Country Overview
Located in Southeast Europe, Bulgaria is bordered by Romania, Serbia, North Macedonia, Greece, and Turkey. It has a population of about 7 million. The capital and largest city, Sofia, is known for its landmarks including the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral and Rila Monastery.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Bulgaria
- Largest City: Sofia
- Religion: Bulgarian Orthodox
- Currency: Bulgarian Lev (BGN)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +359
- ISO Country Codes: BGR
Croatia
Country Overview
Croatia is located in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea. It borders Slovenia, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. Croatia has a population of approximately 4 million. The capital and largest city is Zagreb. Notable landmarks include the ancient Diocletian’s Palace in Split, the Plitvice Lakes National Park, and the historic city of Dubrovnik.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Croatia
- Largest City: Zagreb
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Croatian Kuna (HRK)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +385
- ISO Country Codes: HRV
Cyprus
Country Overview
Cyprus is an island nation in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea. It is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean. Cyprus has a population of about 1.2 million. The capital and largest city is Nicosia. Major landmarks include the archaeological sites of Paphos, recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Cyprus
- Largest City: Nicosia
- Religion: Primarily Orthodox Christianity
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +357
- ISO Country Codes: CYP
Czech Republic
Country Overview
The Czech Republic is located in Central Europe and is landlocked by Germany, Austria, Slovakia, and Poland. It has a population of about 10.7 million. The capital and largest city is Prague, known for its Old Town Square, Charles Bridge, and Prague Castle.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Czech Republic
- Largest City: Prague
- Religion: Predominantly non-religious, Roman Catholic
- Currency: Czech Koruna (CZK)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +420
- ISO Country Codes: CZE
Denmark
Country Overview
Denmark is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. It is the southernmost of the Scandinavian countries and includes a large peninsula, Jutland, and many islands. Denmark has a population of about 5.8 million. Copenhagen, the capital and largest city, is known for the iconic “Little Mermaid” statue, the Tivoli Gardens, and its sustainable urban planning.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Kingdom of Denmark
- Largest City: Copenhagen
- Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Denmark
- Currency: Danish Krone (DKK)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +45
- ISO Country Codes: DNK
Estonia
Country Overview
Estonia is located in Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Finland, between Latvia and Russia. It has a population of about 1.3 million. The capital and largest city is Tallinn, known for its preserved Old Town, digital society, and vibrant cultural scene.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Estonia
- Largest City: Tallinn
- Religion: Predominantly non-religious, Lutheran
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +372
- ISO Country Codes: EST
Finland
Country Overview
Finland is located in Northern Europe and borders Sweden, Norway, and Russia. It has a population of about 5.5 million. The capital and largest city is Helsinki. Notable landmarks include the Suomenlinna Fortress, the Helsinki Cathedral, and the Arctic region of Lapland, known for its view of the Northern Lights.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Finland
- Largest City: Helsinki
- Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +358
- ISO Country Codes: FIN
France
Country Overview
France is located in Western Europe and borders Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Spain, and Andorra. It has a population of approximately 67 million people. The capital and largest city, Paris, is famed for its art, culture, and history. Notable landmarks include the Eiffel Tower, the Louvre Museum, and Notre Dame Cathedral.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: French Republic
- Largest City: Paris
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic, with significant numbers of Protestants, Muslims, and secular individuals
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +33
- ISO Country Codes: FRA
Germany
Country Overview
Germany is located in Central Europe, bordered by Denmark, Poland, Czech Republic, Austria, Switzerland, France, Luxembourg, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It has a population of about 83 million. The capital and largest city is Berlin. Major landmarks include the Brandenburg Gate, Neuschwanstein Castle, and the Berlin Wall.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Federal Republic of Germany
- Largest City: Berlin
- Religion: Predominantly Christian (Protestant and Roman Catholic), with a significant non-religious population and Muslim minority
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +49
- ISO Country Codes: DEU
Greece
Country Overview
Greece is located in Southeastern Europe, at the southern end of the Balkan Peninsula, and includes thousands of islands throughout the Aegean and Ionian seas. It has a population of about 10.4 million. Athens, the capital and largest city, is known for landmarks like the Parthenon, the Acropolis, and ancient archaeological sites.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Hellenic Republic
- Largest City: Athens
- Religion: Predominantly Eastern Orthodox
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +30
- ISO Country Codes: GRC
Hungary
Country Overview
Hungary is located in Central Europe, bordered by Slovakia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, and Austria. It has a population of about 9.6 million. The capital and largest city is Budapest, known for its historic Buda Castle, thermal baths, and the Danube River that divides the city.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Hungary
- Largest City: Budapest
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic and Reformed Church
- Currency: Hungarian Forint (HUF)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +36
- ISO Country Codes: HUN
Iceland
Country Overview
Iceland is an island nation in the North Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of about 356,000, making it one of the least populated countries in Europe. The capital and largest city is Reykjavik, known for its geothermal energy, unique landscapes with volcanoes, geysers, hot springs, and waterfalls.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Iceland
- Largest City: Reykjavik
- Religion: Predominantly Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland
- Currency: Icelandic Króna (ISK)
- Time Zone: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), UTC +0
- Country Calling Code: +354
- ISO Country Codes: ISL
Ireland
Country Overview
Ireland is located on the island of the same name, west of Great Britain. It shares the island with Northern Ireland, a part of the United Kingdom. Ireland has a population of about 4.9 million. Dublin, the capital and largest city, is known for its literary history, pubs, and landmarks like Dublin Castle and St. Patrick’s Cathedral.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Ireland
- Largest City: Dublin
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Western European Time (WET), UTC +0
- Country Calling Code: +353
- ISO Country Codes: IRL
Italy
Country Overview
Italy is located in Southern Europe, extending into the Mediterranean Sea. It is bordered by France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia. Italy has a population of approximately 60 million people. The capital, Rome, known for its rich history, is home to landmarks such as the Colosseum, Vatican City, and the Pantheon.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Italian Republic
- Largest City: Rome
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +39
- ISO Country Codes: ITA
Latvia
Country Overview
Latvia is located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, bordered by Estonia, Russia, Belarus, and Lithuania. It has a population of about 1.9 million. The capital and largest city is Riga, known for its wooden buildings, art nouveau architecture, and medieval Old Town.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Latvia
- Largest City: Riga
- Religion: Predominantly Lutheran, with Roman Catholic and Russian Orthodox minorities
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +371
- ISO Country Codes: LVA
Lithuania
Country Overview
Lithuania is located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe, bordered by Latvia, Belarus, Poland, and Russia. It has a population of about 2.8 million. The capital and largest city is Vilnius, known for its baroque architecture, especially beautiful in the old town.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Lithuania
- Largest City: Vilnius
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +370
- ISO Country Codes: LTU
Luxembourg
Country Overview
Luxembourg is a small landlocked country in Western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has a population of about 625,000. Luxembourg City, the capital, is known for its fortified medieval old town perched on sheer cliffs.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg
- Largest City: Luxembourg City
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +352
- ISO Country Codes: LUX
Malta
Country Overview
Malta is an archipelago in the central Mediterranean between Sicily and the North African coast. It has a population of about 514,000. Valletta, the capital, known for its museums, palaces, and grand churches, reflects the country’s rich history as a former stronghold of the Knights of St. John.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Malta
- Largest City: Birkirkara (largest municipality), Valletta (capital)
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +356
- ISO Country Codes: MLT
Moldova
Country Overview
Moldova is located in Eastern Europe, bordered by Romania to the west and Ukraine to the north, east, and south. It has a population of about 2.6 million. Chișinău, the capital and largest city, is the main cultural and economic center.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Moldova
- Largest City: Chișinău
- Religion: Predominantly Eastern Orthodox
- Currency: Moldovan Leu (MDL)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +373
- ISO Country Codes: MDA
Monaco
Country Overview
Monaco is a tiny city-state on the French Riviera in Western Europe. Known for its upscale casinos, yacht-lined harbor, and prestigious Grand Prix motor race, it has a population of about 39,000. Monte Carlo, its major district, has an opera house and the Monte Carlo Casino.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Principality of Monaco
- Largest City: Monte Carlo
- Religion: Roman Catholicism
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +377
- ISO Country Codes: MCO
Montenegro
Country Overview
Montenegro is located in Southeastern Europe on the Adriatic Sea, part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Kosovo, and Albania. Montenegro has a population of about 622,000. Podgorica is the capital and largest city, while the historical capital of Cetinje is known as the “Royal Capital.” Major landmarks include the Bay of Kotor and the mountainous Durmitor National Park.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Montenegro
- Largest City: Podgorica
- Religion: Predominantly Eastern Orthodox, with a Muslim minority
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +382
- ISO Country Codes: MNE
Netherlands
Country Overview
The Netherlands is located in Western Europe and is bordered by Germany to the east, Belgium to the south, and the North Sea to the northwest. It has a population of about 17.4 million. The capital is Amsterdam, but the seat of government is in The Hague. Famous for its flat landscape, extensive canal systems, windmills, and cycling routes, the country’s landmarks include the Rijksmuseum and Van Gogh Museum.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Kingdom of the Netherlands
- Largest City: Amsterdam
- Religion: Predominantly non-religious, with Christian and Muslim minorities
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +31
- ISO Country Codes: NLD
North Macedonia
Country Overview
North Macedonia is located in Southeast Europe, part of the Balkan Peninsula. It is bordered by Kosovo to the northwest, Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south, and Albania to the west. It has a population of about 2.1 million. Skopje, the capital and largest city, is known for its historic landmarks, including the Stone Bridge and Alexander the Great statue.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of North Macedonia
- Largest City: Skopje
- Religion: Predominantly Eastern Orthodox, with a significant Muslim minority
- Currency: Macedonian Denar (MKD)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +389
- ISO Country Codes: MKD
Norway
Country Overview
Norway is located in Northern Europe, occupying the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula. It is bordered by Sweden, Finland, and Russia to the east and has an extensive coastline facing the North Atlantic Ocean and the Barents Sea. Norway has a population of about 5.4 million. Oslo, the capital and largest city, is known for its museums, green spaces, and maritime history.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Kingdom of Norway
- Largest City: Oslo
- Religion: Predominantly Evangelical Lutheran
- Currency: Norwegian Krone (NOK)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +47
- ISO Country Codes: NOR
Poland
Country Overview
Poland is located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus, and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north. It has a population of about 38 million. Warsaw, the capital and largest city, features historical sites like the Royal Castle and the Warsaw Uprising Museum.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Poland
- Largest City: Warsaw
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Polish Złoty (PLN)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +48
- ISO Country Codes: POL
Portugal
Country Overview
Portugal is located in Southern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula, bordering Spain and the Atlantic Ocean. It has a population of about 10.3 million. Lisbon, the capital and largest city, is known for its hilltop, historic districts. Notable landmarks include the Belém Tower and Jerónimos Monastery.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Portuguese Republic
- Largest City: Lisbon
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Western European Time (WET), UTC +0
- Country Calling Code: +351
- ISO Country Codes: PRT
Romania
Country Overview
Romania is located in Southeastern Europe, bordering Hungary, Serbia, Ukraine, Moldova, and Bulgaria, with a coastline along the Black Sea. It has a population of about 19 million. Bucharest, the capital and largest city, is known for its iconic Palace of the Parliament, one of the largest administrative buildings in the world. Romania is also famous for its medieval towns, castles, and the Carpathian Mountains.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Romania
- Largest City: Bucharest
- Religion: Predominantly Eastern Orthodox
- Currency: Romanian Leu (RON)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +40
- ISO Country Codes: ROU
Russia
Country Overview
Russia, the largest country in the world, spans Eastern Europe and Northern Asia, bordering 16 countries including Norway, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, and North Korea. It has a population of about 144 million. Moscow, the capital, is renowned for its historic architecture, including the Kremlin and Red Square. Russia is known for its vast landscapes, from tundra to forests and mountains.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Russian Federation
- Largest City: Moscow
- Religion: Predominantly Russian Orthodox
- Currency: Russian Ruble (RUB)
- Time Zone: Multiple from UTC +2 to UTC +12
- Country Calling Code: +7
- ISO Country Codes: RUS
San Marino
Country Overview
San Marino is one of the world’s smallest countries, entirely surrounded by Italy. Located on the northeastern side of the Apennine Mountains, it has a population of about 33,000. The capital, San Marino City, is perched atop Mount Titano and is famous for its medieval walled old town and narrow cobblestone streets.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of San Marino
- Largest City: San Marino City
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +378
- ISO Country Codes: SMR
Serbia
Country Overview
Serbia is located in Southeastern Europe in the Balkans, bordering Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, North Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Montenegro. It has a population of about 7 million. Belgrade, the capital and largest city, features historical architecture such as Belgrade Fortress and Saint Sava Temple. Serbia is known for its diverse landscapes, from plains in the north to mountains and lakes in the south.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Serbia
- Largest City: Belgrade
- Religion: Predominantly Serbian Orthodox
- Currency: Serbian Dinar (RSD)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +381
- ISO Country Codes: SRB
Slovakia
Country Overview
Slovakia is a landlocked country in Central Europe, bordered by Poland, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria, and the Czech Republic. It has a population of about 5.4 million. The capital and largest city, Bratislava, is known for its lively old town and the Bratislava Castle, which overlooks the Danube River. Slovakia’s landscapes are noted for their mountains, caves, and medieval castles.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Slovak Republic
- Largest City: Bratislava
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +421
- ISO Country Codes: SVK
Slovenia
Country Overview
Slovenia lies in Central Europe, touching the Alps and bordering Italy, Austria, Hungary, and Croatia. It has a population of about 2.1 million. Ljubljana, the capital and largest city, is known for its university population and green spaces, including expansive Tivoli Park. Slovenia is celebrated for its mountains, ski resorts, and lakes, such as Lake Bled.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Slovenia
- Largest City: Ljubljana
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +386
- ISO Country Codes: SVN
Spain
Country Overview
Spain is located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe, bordered by Portugal, France, Andorra, and Gibraltar. It has a population of about 47 million. Madrid, the capital and largest city, is known for its royal palace, vibrant cultural scene, and the Prado Museum. Spain is famous for its diverse landscapes, rich history, and cultural festivals like La Tomatina and Running of the Bulls.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Kingdom of Spain
- Largest City: Madrid
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic
- Currency: Euro (EUR)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1; Canary Islands: Western European Time (WET), UTC +0
- Country Calling Code: +34
- ISO Country Codes: ESP
Sweden
Country Overview
Sweden is located in Northern Europe, part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, and bordered by Norway and Finland. It has a population of about 10 million. Stockholm, the capital and largest city, is spread across 14 islands and is known for its well-preserved medieval city core, vibrant art scene, and modern design. Sweden is renowned for its environmental consciousness, innovative technology, and high quality of life.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Kingdom of Sweden
- Largest City: Stockholm
- Religion: Predominantly Lutheran
- Currency: Swedish Krona (SEK)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +46
- ISO Country Codes: SWE
Switzerland
Country Overview
Switzerland is a landlocked country located in Central Europe, bordered by Germany, France, Italy, Austria, and Liechtenstein. It has a population of about 8.5 million. Bern is the de facto capital, while Zurich is the largest city. Switzerland is known for its neutrality, high standard of living, and as a global financial hub. It is also famous for its watches, chocolates, and the Swiss Alps.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Swiss Confederation
- Largest City: Zurich
- Religion: Predominantly Roman Catholic and Swiss Reformed Church
- Currency: Swiss Franc (CHF)
- Time Zone: Central European Time (CET), UTC +1
- Country Calling Code: +41
- ISO Country Codes: CHE
Turkey
Country Overview
Turkey is a transcontinental country located mainly on the Anatolian Peninsula in Western Asia, with a smaller portion on the Balkan Peninsula in Southeastern Europe. It is bordered by eight countries and surrounded by three different seas. Turkey has a population of about 82 million. Ankara is the capital, while Istanbul, its largest city, straddles Europe and Asia across the Bosphorus Strait. Turkey is known for its historic sites, such as Hagia Sophia and the city of Troy, as well as its vibrant culture and cuisine.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Republic of Turkey
- Largest City: Istanbul
- Religion: Predominantly Islam
- Currency: Turkish Lira (TRY)
- Time Zone: Turkey Time (TRT), UTC +3
- Country Calling Code: +90
- ISO Country Codes: TUR
Ukraine
Country Overview
Ukraine is located in Eastern Europe, bordered by Russia, Belarus, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova, with a coastline along the Black Sea and Sea of Azov. It has a population of about 41 million. Kyiv, the capital and largest city, is known for its religious architecture, secular monuments, and history museums. Ukraine is also recognized for its fertile plains, known as the breadbasket of Europe, and its rich cultural heritage.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: Ukraine
- Largest City: Kyiv
- Religion: Predominantly Eastern Orthodox Christianity
- Currency: Ukrainian Hryvnia (UAH)
- Time Zone: Eastern European Time (EET), UTC +2
- Country Calling Code: +380
- ISO Country Codes: UKR
United Kingdom
Country Overview
The United Kingdom is located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe and is composed of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. It has a population of about 67 million. London, the capital and largest city, is a global financial and cultural center. The UK is known for its influential history, from the British Empire to the industrial revolution, and its contributions to the arts, science, and politics.
Country Facts
- Formal Country Name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
- Largest City: London
- Religion: Predominantly Christian, with a variety of other religions practiced
- Currency: British Pound Sterling (GBP)
- Time Zone: Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), UTC +0; British Summer Time (BST), UTC +1 in summer
- Country Calling Code: +44
- ISO Country Codes: GBR